Improvement in coal-oil stoves



W. J. REED. Coal-Q11 Stove.

'No..2l9,306. Pa-t enfed Sept'. 2,1879.

Witnesses.

MPEFERS, PHOTCLUTHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM J. REED, OF vDANVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN COAL-OIL STOV'ES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 219,306, datedSeptember 2,1879; application filed June 18, 1879.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be itknown thatI, WILLIAM J. REED, of Danville, in the county of Montourand State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Stoves, which improvements are fully set forth in thefollowing specification and annexed drawings, in which latter-- Figure 1is a vertical central section of my improved stove, and Fig. 2 a diagramof a modification of the same. Fig. 3 is also adiagram of the lower partof said stove as it appears when gas is used instead of oil for fuel.

The nature of my invention consists in a coal-oil or gas stoveconstructed with air-supply passages, and organized to burn the productsof combustion before they reach the exit-passages of the stove bycirculation in a chamber which is closed against the influence of theatmosphere at all points except where the draft is admitted and the hotair is allowed to escape from it, and in certain combinations andarrangements of parts, as hereinafter described and specificallyclaimed.

The coal-oil stoves heretofore used have in many instances been foundmore or less objectionable on accountof the disagreeable odor they emit,the little heat they produce, and.

the great amount of oil-they consume.

To overcome these objections I have constructed a stove in whichtheburnin g gases and products of combustion are conducted upward to thetop of the stove, and thence down into a reheating-pit, which is heatedby the direct contact of the flame from burners below it, and in whichpit such portions of the products of combustion as are not fully ignitedat first are brought into acondition to be ignited and consumed, whileat the same time intense heat is given oft, and no odor is imparted tothe room in which the stove is situated after the operation of the stovehas fairly coma stove, B the oil-cup with the burners I), and O theoil-reservoir.

The shell A may be made in three sections,

c, a, and M, of which the lower two, a and a are connected by a hinge, ain the line of the burners; or, if desired, the middle section, a, maybe rigidly connected with the lower section, a, and provided with anordinary door. This lower section contains the oil-cup B, provided withordinary burners b, which oilcup isconnected, by a pipe, 0, with anouter reservoir, G, from which oil is supplied to the cup andtheburners. The pipe cis constructed with an enlarged portion at 0 to theupper end of 'which the bottom 0 of the reservoir is connected, and inwhich bottom a valve-seat, 0 is secured.

The top of the reservoir is provided with an ordinary screw-cap, 0 forthe purpose of filling.

The valve-seat c is supplied with a suitable valve, D, and valve-stemcl, which is held in central position by a guiding-arch, d fastened tothe. bottom 0 The valve-stem (1 extends below the bottom 0 and isprovided with a hollow stopping-buttomd which prevents the valve frombeing lifted higher than necessary. This button (1 rests upon, and isoperated by, the free end of a lever, E, in the pipe 0. The lever Ecentrally of its length is provided with a perforated disk, as at c,which articulates loosely in the pipe 0, and serves as a fulcrum forthelever. One end of the lever extends into the oil-cup B, andis thereinprovided with a cork float, e, which has a central guidehole, as at cand through this guide-hole a rod, e is loosely passed and fastened tothe top and bottom of the oil-cup B, as shown.

By this construction the float e is prevented from swaying and losingits connection with the valve D, while with the disk 6 the moreexpensive construction of a fixed fulcrum is avoided.

The section a of the shell A is provided with draft-holes a which admitatmospheric air around and above the cup B to the burners I). Theseburners are provided with horizontal perforated shields b, and abovethese shields the section a is provided with a perforated diaphragm, Iwhereby the air admitted through the draft-holes a is subdivided andprevented from forming heavy currents around the Wick-tubes and burners.Above the perforated diaphragm F is a solid diaphragm, G, which formsthe bottom of the section a of the shell A of the stove, and is providedwith ordinary cones g, having top slots,

g, and arranged vertically above the burners b, as shown.

Above the diaphragm G a concentric inner shell, H, having an invertedconical bottom, h, is suspended within the shell A, and held in positionby radial tubes I, as shown. These tubes I serve, also, to connect thecentral heating-chamber, J, with heatingdrums and other heatingattachments outside of the shell A, and have flaring sockets 1', intowhich common stove-pipes, as atK, are inserted forsuch purpose. Thetubes I are also provided with plug-valves i, of suitable material andconstruction, which are operated by rods '1'? outside the stove-pipe K,and by means of which the communication with the heating-chamber J,through the tubes I, may be regulated or cut oft at will.

The'inner ends of the plugs i are provided with guide-rods i having endhooks i, which hook onto the projecting ends i of the tubes I when theplugs are pulled out, and so pre-.

vent the plugs from being entirely withdrawn from said tubes.

The middle section of the outer shell, A, of the stove may be either asolid shell or one provided with mica windows, (P, of ordinaryconstruction; and this portion of the stove is, by preference, bulged,as at a. The upper section, (o of the stove is closed at the top andfitted removably upon the upper end of the middle section, a, and madeto inclose an inner extension-shell, h of the shell H, which extensionis open at top and removably fitted in position within said shell H, asshown. The rim h of the extension h is serrated, as shown, in order toequally divide the heat-currents and products of combustion which passover into the chamber J, and thus distribute the heat all around thestove at its top portion. The apertures ]L3 in the extension h enablethe nnconsumed products of combustion, when in the chamber J, to come incontact with the flame rising around the shell H, and thus facilitatetheir ignition.

L is a movable flame-extinguisher, havinga handle, 2, suitably passedthrough the wall of the stove, so that the operator from the outside ofthe stove can place it upon one of the guards g of the burners, in orderto extinguish the flame. Each guard will be provided with one of theseextinguishers, so that any number of the flames of the burners may beregulated or put out at will, as circumstances may require.

To operate the stove, the reservoir 0 is supplied with oil, which flowsthrough the open valve-seat 0 into the pipe 0 c and oil-cup B,

the valve being kept open by the lever E and weight of the float a,which latter rests on the bottom of the oil-cup when the fillingoperation begins. As the oil rises in the cup B the float rises also,and the valve D sinks until it settles into the seat 0 and closes up thepassage for the oil into the pipe c,whereupo1'1 the reservoir 0 beginsto fill, and which, when filled, is closed with the screw-cap c.

When the surface of the oil in the cup B begins to lower, the float ecorrespondingly sinks, and the lever E opens the valve D to let a freshsupply of oil into the cup B, and this continues until the rising oiland float will cause the valveto again out off this supply.

The burners being lighted, the air inside the section a becomesrarefied, and air from without the stove enters through the openings a,

passes on through the perforated diaphragm F and around the wick-tubes,and out of the slots in contact with the flame of the burners.

As the flame of the burners comes in contact with the conical portion Itof the interior chamber, J, said portion It soon becomes redhot, and atthe same time the products of combustion rise from the burners and passup between the outer shell, A, and inner shell, H h, to the highestinterior portion of the stove, at which point they become arrested intheir ascent; and as the rarefaction of incoming air in the section acontinues to proceed, and the products of combustion to rise to thehighest interior portion of the stove,'the accumulated products ofcombustion are forced down into the chamber J, finally reaching itsred-hot bottom at h, and there meet with a powerful heat. The heat at hbeing intense, the products of combustion are driven back to the highestparts of the stove, while at the same time such products which occupysaid higher parts, being less rarefied and under pressure ofaccumulation, are, in turn, forced down the chamber J, and into contactwith the intense heat of the conical portion h. I11 this manner acurrent or circulation of theproducts of combustion is establishedbetween the top and bottom of the chamber J, and during the operationthe hot air escapes through the tubes I.

When the above-described stove is employed for cooking purposes, an ovenmay be connected with it in the following manner: In Fig. 2 I haveshownmy stove with the top parts a and h removed, and an oven. M,withtwo concentric rims, m m, fitted to the upper ends of the parts aand H of the stove. The products of combustion in this case ascendbetween the rims m m around the oven, and descend through a tube, W, inthe rear part of the oven to the chamber J below, and the reverberationand action of the products of combustion take place as above described.

The stove may be operated with gas instead of coal-oil, in which casethe oil-cup must be removed, as shown in Fig. 3, and gas-burners ginserted into the diaphragm G.

It will be understood that an extinguisher, L, is provided for eachburner, and that when the extinguisher is placed over the guard of theburner it not only shuts off the flame of such burner, but also closesthe draft around it, and in this manner the heating capacity of thestove can be regulated as circumstances require.

1 would also state thatI intend to apply my above-described mode ofheating to cookstoves, in which case the superstructure shown in Fig. 1above the point a would be substituted. by the cook-stove; and, further,that by having the mica windows in proximity to the lam p-flames and thehighly-heated conical portion h of the chamber J, as shown in Fig. 1, myheater possesses great illuminating as well as heating capacity.

I claim- 1. The combination of the burners 1), diaphragmGr,0ll-1OSeIVOl1 B, diaphragm F, conical slotted guards g, outer shell,A, with airinlets a, and inner shell, 11 h, substantially as and for thepurpose described.

2. In a coal-gas stove, the combination of the reservoir G, having avalve, D, the pipe 0, oilcup B, lever E, having a fulcrum-disk, e, andcentrally-guided float 6 substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of the tubes I and their dampers i with the chamber Jand shell A,

substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. The combination of the auxiliary circulation passage m, m, and m ofthe part M with the shell A, chamber J and h, and burners b,substantially as and 'for the purpose described.

WILLIAM J. REED.

In presence of- JOHN W. MILES, J. (J. MONTGOMERY.

